
Smith's mother was born Margaret Douglas, daughter of the landed Robert Douglas of Strathendry, also in Fife she married Smith's father in 1720. His father, also Adam Smith, was a Scottish Writer to the Signet (senior solicitor), advocate and prosecutor (judge advocate) and also served as comptroller of the customs in Kirkcaldy. Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, in Fife, Scotland.
The Wealth of Nations was a precursor to the modern academic discipline of economics.
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Smith laid the foundations of classical free market economic theory. In his later life, he took a tutoring position that allowed him to travel throughout Europe, where he met other intellectual leaders of his day. Smith obtained a professorship at Glasgow, teaching moral philosophy and during this time, wrote and published The Theory of Moral Sentiments.

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After graduating, he delivered a successful series of public lectures at the University of Edinburgh, leading him to collaborate with David Hume during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith studied social philosophy at the University of Glasgow and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was one of the first students to benefit from scholarships set up by fellow Scot John Snell.

In his work, Adam Smith introduced his theory of absolute advantage. The latter, often abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. Also known as ''The Father of Economics'' or ''The Father of Capitalism,'' Smith wrote two classic works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). Adam Smith FRSA (baptized 16 June 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.
